NAD+ is in all living cells. It’s a coenzyme that helps to regulate your cellular metabolism. It’s abundant and found in all single-cell and complex multicellular organisms.

Low levels of the coenzyme make it impossible for cells to function, or even survive. Some scientists presume aging is linked to declining NAD+ levels.

It exists in two forms for redox (reduction and oxidation) reactions. NAD+ is an oxidizing agent, so it accepts electrons. NADH (H=hydrogen) is a reducing agent that donates electrons.

NAD+ delivers electrons to spark necessary cellular reactions or operations. These operations are central to energy creation.

NAD+ is involved in numerous physiological processes:

• Metabolizes cellular energy
• Improves mental performance
• Repairs DNA to extend longevity
• Reduces inflammation
• Accelerates recovery
• Aids weight management
• Extends lifespan

DNA damage activates nuclear enzymes called poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). These molecules consume NAD+ to influence the cellular response. NAD+ levels govern the reaction to agents that can mutate DNA.

Enzymes in your immune system also consume NAD+. Active immune systems consume more, and your enzymes increase with age. By 50, reserves are around half the levels you had at age 20.

Depletion of NAD+ seems to encourage various afflictions. Several studies show low levels of the coenzyme cause metabolism issues. It can lead to obesity and insulin resistance.

NAD+ peptide therapy aims to restore levels. It can enhance cell energy, repair DNA, and improve overall well-being. It also slows the effects of aging, boosting physical and mental performance.

Mechanisms of NAD+ action include:

• Redox reactions: Vital for cell energy production.
• Substrate for enzymes: The enzymes repair DNA, control gene expression, and more.
• Cell signaling: NAD+ enables extracellular communication.
• Regulates homeostasis: The peptide stabilizes circadian rhythms, easing inflammation and stress.

Its main function is to transport electrons for aerobic respiration.

Applications

NAD+ is a coenzyme that produces cellular energy through mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis. It impacts several crucial cellular processes, both directly and indirectly. They include DNA repair, metabolism, immune cell function, and nitrogen fixation.

Scientists synthesize NAD+ using various pathways:

• De novo pathway: Synthesis of new complex molecules from simple sugars or amino acids.
• Preiss-Handler pathway: Describes the three steps required to change niacin into NAD+.
• Salvage pathway: The primary method in mammals for maintaining levels is recycling nicotinamide.

Several therapeutic benefits of NAD+ are being investigated, including:

• Enhanced cognitive function
• Decreased inflammation
• Regulation of circadian rhythms for improved sleep
• Increased energy levels
• Support for mental health through reduced stress and anxiety
• Improved cardiovascular health
• Potential protection against neurodegenerative conditions
• Optimized metabolism for weight management

These benefits make NAD+ an obvious target for therapeutic exploitation. In an aging world, the potential is enormous.

Scientists connect depletion to aging and several diseases. They found links to cancers, neurodegenerative illnesses, and metabolic disorders. Supplemental NAD+ could improve mitochondrial function and cellular repair. It may also delay aging and related diseases.

Safety and side effects

In research and development, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional before initiating NAD+ supplementation. Ensure to disclose any existing medications to identify potential interactions, as NAD+ may interact with certain drugs.

Inform your research team about any known allergies or sensitivities, as these could influence the therapy’s outcomes. Adhere strictly to the prescribed dosage and administration schedule, and avoid making adjustments without professional guidance.

NAD+ is hygroscopic and should be stored in a desiccated form. Keep the container tightly sealed and in a dry, well-ventilated environment.

In aqueous solutions, NAD+ forms a clear, colorless liquid. These solutions are prone to rapid degradation at elevated temperatures and are sensitive to light and pH. For stability, maintain solutions at a neutral or slightly acidic pH and store at 32°F for up to 14 days.

Frequently asked questions about NAD+

NAD+ is found in all living cells, but few people understand the importance of this coenzyme. We answer a few common queries below.

Does NAD+ have any side effects?

NAD+ supplementation may cause minor side effects. Research has noted potential effects such as nervousness, stress, fatigue, headaches, nausea, indigestion, and stomach discomfort.

How long before I see results from NAD+?

Visible effects from NAD+ supplementation may take up to 14 days. The time to observe results can vary based on individual NAD+ baseline levels and dosage. Multiple rounds of treatment may be needed for noticeable changes.

How should I prepare for an NAD+ infusion?

NAD+ infusions do not require special preparation. Patients can drive to and from their appointments and engage in normal activities during and after the session. It’s advisable to bring activities to pass the time during the infusion.

Who can benefit most from NAD+ treatments?

NAD+ treatments are applicable for a wide range of research areas. They are used to enhance energy levels, emotional well-being, cognitive function, and performance while mitigating fatigue.

How can I raise my NAD+ levels naturally?

Natural methods to increase NAD+ levels include regular exercise, intermittent fasting, consuming niacin-rich foods, sun exposure, reducing alcohol intake, managing stress, and ensuring adequate sleep.