MOTS-C
A mitochondrial-derived peptide studied for AMPK activation, insulin sensitization, and retrograde mitochondrial signaling in metabolic aging models.
Overview
MOTS-C (Mitochondrial ORF of the 12S rRNA type-C) is a 16-amino acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 12S rRNA, identified by Lee et al. in 2015. It is classified as a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) and represents a class of bioactive peptides whose existence was only recognized in the 2010s. MOTS-C is produced in the mitochondria and translocates to the cytoplasm and nucleus under metabolic stress, activating AMPK and regulating glucose and lipid metabolism. Animal studies have documented anti-obesity effects, improved insulin sensitivity, and extended lifespan in mouse models. Its identification bridged mitochondrial biology and peptide hormone research.
Quick Reference
- Sequence
- CRQGSIVHIRGFR (16 amino acids)
- Genetic origin
- Encoded in mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene
- Discovery
- Lee et al., Cell Metabolism, 2015
- Primary mechanism
- AMPK activation via AICAR-related pathway, nuclear translocation
- Purity standard
- >=98% by HPLC
How It Works
MOTS-C activates AMPK through an AICAR-related metabolic pathway, promoting cellular metabolic flexibility including increased glucose uptake via GLUT4 translocation, enhanced mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and suppression of de novo lipogenesis. Under metabolic stress, it translocates to the nucleus where it regulates adaptive stress response gene networks. This retrograde mitochondrial-to-nuclear signaling mechanism is its defining biological feature.
Research Highlights
Key findings from the published preclinical literature.
AMPK Activation and Metabolic Flexibility
Lee et al. (Cell Metabolism, 2015) documented MOTS-C activation of AMPK via an AICAR-like mechanism in skeletal muscle cells, with downstream effects on glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and metabolic gene expression.
Anti-Obesity Effects in Mouse Models
Mouse studies showed that MOTS-C administration reduced body fat accumulation in high-fat diet models and improved insulin sensitivity, with effects on adipose tissue metabolism and muscle glucose uptake documented in multiple independent studies.
Lifespan Extension in Animal Research
Preclinical studies in aging mouse cohorts have examined MOTS-C effects on healthspan and lifespan parameters, with some models documenting extended survival and improved metabolic markers in MOTS-C-treated aged animals.
Nuclear Translocation Under Stress
Research has documented MOTS-C translocation from mitochondria to the nucleus under conditions of metabolic stress, where it interacts with nuclear factor regulatory networks to activate adaptive stress response programs.
Research Connections
Related research areas, stacks, and comparisons involving this compound.
Research Use Cases
Research Stacks
Compound Comparisons
Frequently Asked Questions
Source This Compound
MOTS-C is available from Spartan Peptides at a minimum 98% HPLC-verified purity with batch-specific certificate of analysis. Domestic US supply, same-day dispatch before 2 PM EST. For in-vitro research use only.
All compounds are strictly for in-vitro research use only and not intended for human consumption.