Pinealon Study Index
Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) is a synthetic tripeptide analog derived from a peptide fraction isolated from bovine pineal gland tissue by the Khavinson laboratory at the St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology. Its primary documented mechanism is epigenetic: Pinealon interacts directly with chromatin in neuronal cell models, modulating the expression of genes involved in neuronal survival, oxidative defense, and aging-related processes. Research has been particularly focused on retinal and CNS neuroprotection under oxidative stress conditions, and additional studies have examined its influence on melatonin synthesis pathways and circadian gene regulation in aging models.
Studies Listed
6
Curated Study References
Click column headers to sort. PubMed links open in a new tab where available.
| Authors ↕ | Year ↓ | Journal ↕ | Key Finding | PubMed |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Linkova et al. | 2012 | Advances in Gerontology | The EDR (Glu-Asp-Arg) tripeptide, the active sequence of Pinealon, demonstrated neurotropic activity and protection against neurodegenerative stimuli in cell models, with chromatin interaction proposed as the primary epigenetic mechanism. | N/A |
| Khavinson et al. | 2011 | Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine | EDR (Pinealon) demonstrated consistent neuroprotective properties across retinal, hippocampal, and cortical cell models, with evidence of chromatin binding and epigenetic gene regulation as the mechanism underlying neuronal protection. | 22268122 ↗ |
| Khavinson et al. | 2008 | Cell Biology International | Short peptides from the Khavinson group including Pinealon-analog compounds significantly enhanced survival of differentiated neuronal cells under oxidative stress conditions in vitro, supporting the neuroprotective research profile. | 18069021 ↗ |
| Khavinson et al. | 2005 | Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine | Pinealon and related short peptides from the Khavinson group promoted neuronal differentiation and survival in cortical stem cell cultures, providing evidence for neurogenic properties in addition to neuroprotective ones. | 16038085 ↗ |
| Khavinson et al. | 2002 | Neuro Endocrinology Letters | Pinealon-class short peptides modulated apoptosis and promoted differentiation in hippocampal neuron cultures, providing mechanistic evidence for epigenetic gene regulation relevant to neuronal survival during aging. | 12107421 ↗ |
| Khavinson et al. | 2001 | Neuro Endocrinology Letters | Pineal gland peptides including the Pinealon precursor demonstrated protective effects on retinal photoreceptor cell survival in retinitis pigmentosa models, establishing the retinal neuroprotection research line for this class of compounds. | 11600885 ↗ |
Linkova et al.
2012, Advances in Gerontology
The EDR (Glu-Asp-Arg) tripeptide, the active sequence of Pinealon, demonstrated neurotropic activity and protection against neurodegenerative stimuli in cell models, with chromatin interaction proposed as the primary epigenetic mechanism.
Khavinson et al.
2011, Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
EDR (Pinealon) demonstrated consistent neuroprotective properties across retinal, hippocampal, and cortical cell models, with evidence of chromatin binding and epigenetic gene regulation as the mechanism underlying neuronal protection.
Khavinson et al.
2008, Cell Biology International
Short peptides from the Khavinson group including Pinealon-analog compounds significantly enhanced survival of differentiated neuronal cells under oxidative stress conditions in vitro, supporting the neuroprotective research profile.
Khavinson et al.
2005, Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
Pinealon and related short peptides from the Khavinson group promoted neuronal differentiation and survival in cortical stem cell cultures, providing evidence for neurogenic properties in addition to neuroprotective ones.
Khavinson et al.
2002, Neuro Endocrinology Letters
Pinealon-class short peptides modulated apoptosis and promoted differentiation in hippocampal neuron cultures, providing mechanistic evidence for epigenetic gene regulation relevant to neuronal survival during aging.
Khavinson et al.
2001, Neuro Endocrinology Letters
Pineal gland peptides including the Pinealon precursor demonstrated protective effects on retinal photoreceptor cell survival in retinitis pigmentosa models, establishing the retinal neuroprotection research line for this class of compounds.
All citations are for informational research reference purposes. Always verify directly via PubMed for current status.
Research Questions
Common questions about Pinealon research context, mechanism, and procurement.
What is Pinealon and what is its active sequence?+
What neuroprotection research exists for Pinealon?+
How does Pinealon differ from Epithalon in its research mechanism?+
What neuronal differentiation research has been conducted on Pinealon?+
Related Compound Comparisons
Explore how Pinealon compares to other research compounds.
Source Pinealon
Pinealon is available from Spartan Peptides at least 98% HPLC-verified purity. Domestic US supply with same-day dispatch before 2 PM. For in-vitro research use only.
Order Pinealon ($159)For in-vitro research use only. Not intended for human consumption.